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quadrature decoder/counter interface ics technical data hctl-2000 hctl-2016 HCTL-2020 features ? interfaces encoder to microprocessor ? 14 mhz clock operation ? full 4x decode ? high noise immunity: schmitt trigger inputs digital noise filter ? 12 or 16-bit binary up/ down counter ? latched outputs ? 8-bit tristate interface ? 8, 12, or 16-bit operating modes ? quadrature decoder output signals, up/down and count ? cascade output signals, up/ down and count ? substantially reduced system software applications ? interface quadrature incremental encoders to microprocessors ? interface digital potentiom- eters to digital data input buses esd warning: standard cmos handling precautions should be observed with the hctl-20xx family ics. devices part number description package drawing hctl-2000 12-bit counter. 14 mhz clock operation. a hctl-2016 all features of the hctl-2000. 16-bit counter. a HCTL-2020 all features of the hctl-2016. quadrature decoder output b signals. cascade output signals. description the hctl-2000, 2016, 2020 are cmos ics that perform the quadrature decoder, counter, and bus interface function. the hctl-20xx family is designed to improve system performance note: agilent technologies encoders are not recommended for use in safety critical applications. eg. abs braking systems, power steering, life support systems and critical care medical equipment. please contact sales representative if more clarification is needed.
2 in digital closed loop motion control systems and digital data input systems. it does this by shifting time intensive quadrature decoder functions to a cost effective hardware solution. the entire hctl-20xx family con- sists of a 4x quadrature decoder, a binary up/down state counter, and an 8-bit bus interface. the use of schmitt-triggered cmos inputs and input noise filters allows reliable operation in noisy environments. the hctl-2000 contains a 12-bit counter. the hctl-2016 and 2020 contain a 16-bit counter. the HCTL-2020 also contains quadrature decoder output signals and cascade signals for use with many standard counter ics. the hctl- 20xx family provides lsttl compatible tri-state output buffers. operation is specified for a temperature range from -40 to +85 c at clock frequencies up to 14 mhz. package dimensions operating characteristics table 1. absolute maximum ratings (all voltages below are referenced to v ss ) parameter symbol limits units dc supply voltage v dd -0.3 to +5.5 v input voltage v in -0.3 to v dd +0.3 v storage temperature t s -40 to +125 c operating temperature t a [1] -40 to +85 c table 2. recommended operating conditions parameter symbol limits units dc supply voltage v dd +4.5 to +5.5 v ambient temperature t a [1] -40 to +85 c 19.05 0.25 (0.750 0.010) 15 1.52 0.13 (0.060 0.005) 25.91 0.25 (1.02 0.010) 9.40 (0.370) 15
3 table 3. dc characteristics v dd = 5 v 5%; t a = -40 to 85 c symbol parameter condition min. typ. max. unit v il [2] low-level input voltage 1.5 v v ih [2] high-level input voltage 3.5 v v t+ schmitt-trigger positive- 3.5 4.0 v going threshold v t- schmitt-trigger negative- 1.0 1.5 v going threshold v h schmitt-trigger hysteresis 1.0 2.0 v i in input current v in = v ss or v dd -10 1 +10 m a v oh [2] high-level output i oh -1.6 ma 2.4 4.5 v voltage v ol [2] low-level output i ol = +4.8 ma 0.2 0.4 v voltage i oz high-z output leakage v o = v ss or v dd -10 1 +10 m a current i dd quiescent supply current v in = v ss or v dd , v o = hiz 1 5 m a c in input capacitance any input [3] 5pf c out output capacitance any output [3] 6pf notes: 1. free air. 2. in general, for any v dd between the allowable limits (+4.5 v to +5.5 v), v il = 0.3 v dd and v ih = 0.7 v dd ; typical values are v oh = v dd - 0.5 v @ i oh = -40 m a and v ol = v ss + 0.2 v @ i ol = 1.6 ma. 3. including package capacitance. figure 2. waveform for positive clock related delays. figure 1. reset waveform.
4 functional pin description table 4. functional pin descriptions pin pin symbol 2000/2016 2020 description v dd 16 20 power supply v ss 8 10 ground clk 2 2 clk is a schmitt-trigger input for the external clock signal. cha 7 9 cha and chb are schmitt-trigger inputs which accept the outputs chb 6 8 from a quadrature encoded source, such as incremental optical shaft encoder. two channels, a and b, nominally 90 degrees out of phase, are required. rst 5 7 this active low schmitt-trigger input clears the internal position counter and the position latch. it also resets the inhibit logic. rst is asynchronous with respect to any other input signals. oe 4 4 this cmos active low input enables the tri-state output buffers. the oe and sel inputs are sampled by the internal inhibit logic on the falling edge of the clock to control the loading of the internal position data latch. sel 3 3 this cmos input directly controls which data byte from the position latch is enabled into the 8-bit tri-state output buffer. as in oe above, sel also controls the internal inhibit logic. sel byte selected 0 high 1 low cnt dcdr 16 a pulse is presented on this lsttl-compatible output when the quadrature decoder has detected a state transition. u/d 5 this lsttl-compatible output allows the user to determine whether the ic is counting up or down and is intended to be used with the cnt dcdr and cnt cas outputs. the proper signal u (high level) or d (low level) will be present before the rising edge of the cnt dcdr and cnt cas outputs. cnt cas 15 a pulse is presented on this lsttl-compatible output when the HCTL-2020 internal counter overflows or underflows. the rising edge on this waveform may be used to trigger an external counter. d0 1 1 d1 15 19 d2 14 18 d3 13 17 d4 12 14 d5 11 13 d6 10 12 d7 9 11 nc 6 not connected - this pin should be left floating. these lsttl-compatible tri-state outputs form an 8-bit output port through which the contents of the 12/16-bit position latch may be read in 2 sequential bytes. the high byte, containing bits 8-15, is read first (on the hctl-2000, the most significant 4 bits of this byte are set to 0 internally). the lower byte, bits 0-7, is read second.
5 switching characteristics table 5. switching characteristics min/max specifications at v dd = 5.0 5%, t a = -40 to + 85 c. symbol description min. max. units 1t clk clock period 70 ns 2t chh pulse width, clock high 28 ns 3t cd [1] delay time, rising edge of clock to valid, updated count 65 ns information on d0-7 4t ode delay time, oe fall to valid data 65 ns 5t odz delay time, oe rise to hi-z state on d0-7 40 ns 6t sdv delay time, sel valid to stable, selected data byte 65 ns (delay to high byte = delay to low byte) 7t clh pulse width, clock low 28 ns 8t ss [2] setup time, sel before clock fall 20 ns 9t os [2] setup time, oe before clock fall 20 ns 10 t sh [2] hold time, sel after clock fall 0 ns 11 t oh [2] hold time, oe after clock fall 0 ns 12 t rst pulse width, rst low 28 ns 13 t dcd hold time, last position count stable on d0-7 after clock rise 10 ns 14 t dsd hold time, last data byte stable after next sel state change 5 ns 15 t dod hold time, data byte stable after oe rise 5 ns 16 t udd delay time, u/d valid after clock rise 45 ns 17 t chd delay time, cnt dcdr or cnt cas high after clock rise 45 ns 18 t cld delay time, cnt dcdr or cnt cas low after clock fall 45 ns 19 t udh hold time, u/d stable after clock rise 10 ns 20 t udcs setup time, u/d valid before cnt dcdr or cnt cas rise t clk -45 ns 21 t udch hold time, u/d stable after cnt dcdr or cnt cas rise t clk -45 ns notes: 1. t cd specification and waveform assume latch not inhibited. 2. t ss , t os , t sh , t oh only pertain to proper operation of the inhibit logic. in other cases, such as 8 bit read operations, these setup and hold times do not need to be observed. figure 3. tri-state output timing.
6 figure 4. bus control timing. figure 5. decoder, cascade output timing (HCTL-2020 only).
7 digital noise filter the digital noise filter section is responsible for rejecting noise on the incoming quadrature signals. the input section uses two techniques to implement improved noise rejection. schmitt-trigger inputs and a three-clock-cycle delay filter combine to reject low level noise and large, short duration noise spikes that typically occur in motor system applications. both common mode and differential mode noise are rejected. the user benefits from these techniques by improved integrity of the data in input is tested for a stable level being present for three consecutive rising clock edges. therefore, the filtered output waveforms can change only after an input level has the same value for three consecutive rising clock edges. refer to figure 8 which shows the timing diagram. the result of this circuitry is that short noise spikes between rising clock edges are ignored and pulses shorter than two clock periods are rejected. the counter. false counts triggered by noise are avoided. figure 7 shows the simplified schematic of the input section. the signals are first passed through a schmitt trigger buffer to address the problem of input signals with slow rise times and low level noise (approximately < 1 v). the cleaned up signals are then passed to a four-bit delay filter. the signals on each channel are sampled on rising clock edges. a time history of the signals is stored in the four-bit shift register. any change on the figure 6. simplified logic diagram. operation a block diagram of the hctl- 20xx family is shown in figure 6. the operation of each major function is described in the following sections.
8 figure 7. simplified digital noise filter logic. quadrature decoder the quadrature decoder decodes the incoming filtered signals into count information. this circuitry multiplies the resolution of the input signals by a factor of four (4x decoding). when using an encoder for motion sensing, the user benefits from the increased resolution by being able to provide better system control. the quadrature decoder samples the outputs of the cha and chb filters. based on the past binary state of the two signals and the present state, it outputs a count signal and a direction signal to the internal position counter. in the case of the HCTL-2020, the signals also go to external pins 5 and 16 respectively. figure 9 shows the quadrature states and the valid state transi- tions. channel a leading channel b results in counting up. channel b leading channel a results in counting down. illegal state transitions, caused by faulty encoders or noise severe enough to pass through the filter, will produce an erroneous count. design considerations the designer should be aware that the operation of the digital filter places a timing constraint on the relationship between incoming quadrature signals and the external clock. figure 8 shows the timing waveform with an incremental encoder input. since an input has to be stable for three rising clock edges, the encoder pulse width (t e - low or high) has to be greater than three clock periods (3t clk ). this guarantees that the asynchronous input will be stable during three consecutive rising clock edges. a realistic design also has to take figure 8. signal propagation through digital noise filter.
9 channels. therefore, t es (encoder state period) > t clk . the designer must account for deviations from the nominal 90 degree phasing of input signals to guarantee that t es > t clk . position counter this section consists of a 12-bit (hctl-2000) or 16-bit (hctl- 2016/2020) binary up/down counter which counts on rising clock edges as explained in the quadrature decoder section. all 12 or 16 bits of data are passed to the position data latch. the system can use this count data in several ways: a. system total range is 12 or 16 bits, so the count repre- sents absolute position. b. the system is cyclic with 12 or 16 bits of count per cycle. rst is used to reset the counter every cycle and the system uses the data to interpolate within the cycle. c. system count is > 8, 12, or 16 bits, so the count data is used as a relative or incre- mental position input for a system software computation of absolute position. in this case counter rollover occurs. in order to prevent loss of position information, the processor must read the outputs of the ic before the count increments one-half of the maximum count capabil- ity (i.e. 127. 2047, or 32,767 quadrature counts). twos- complement arithmetic is normally used to compute position from these periodic position updates. three modes can be used: 1. the ic can be put in 8-bit mode by tying the sel line high, thus simplify- ing ic interface. the outputs must then be read at least once every 127 quadrature counts. 2. the hctl-2000 can be used in 12-bit mode and sampled at least once every 2047 quadrature counts. 3. the hctl-2016 or 2020 can be used in 16-bit mode and sampled at least once every 32,767 quadrature counts. d. the system count is > 16 bits so the HCTL-2020 can be cascaded with other stand- ard counter ics to give absolute position. position data latch the position data latch is a 12/ 16-bit latch which captures the position counter output data on each rising clock edge, except when its inputs are disabled by the inhibit logic section during two-byte read operations. the output data is passed to the bus interface section. when active, a signal from the inhibit logic section prevents new data from being captured by the latch, keeping the data stable while successive reads are made through the bus section. the latch is automatically reenabled at the end of these reads. the latch is cleared to 0 asynchron- ously by the rst signal. into account finite rise times of the waveforms, asymmetry of the waveforms, and noise. in the presence of large amounts of noise, t e should be much greater than 3t clk to allow for the interruption of the consecutive level sampling by the three-bit delay filter. it should be noted that a change on the inputs that is qualified by the filter will internally propagate in a maxi- mum of seven clock periods. the quadrature decoder circuitry imposes a second timing con- straint between the external clock and the input signals. there must be at least one clock period between consecutive quadrature states. as shown in figure 9, a quadrature state is defined by consecutive edges on both figure 9. 4x quadrature decoding.
10 inhibit logic the inhibit logic section samples the oe and sel signals on the falling edge of the clock and, in response to certain conditions (see figure 10 below), inhibits the position data latch. the rst signal asynchronously clears the inhibit logic, enabling the latch. a simplified logic diagram of the inhibit circuitry is illustrated in figure 11. bus interface the bus interface section consists of a 16 to 8 line multiplexer and an 8-bit, three-state output buffer. the multiplexer allows independent access to the low and high bytes of the position data latch. the sel and oe signals determine which byte is output and whether or not the output bus is in the high-z state. in the case of the hctl-2000 the data latch is only 12 bits wide and the upper four bits of the high byte are internally set to zero. quadrature decoder output (HCTL-2020 only) the quadrature decoder output section consists of count and up/ down outputs derived from the 4x decode logic of the hctl- 2020. when the decoder has detected a count, a pulse, one- half clock cycle long, will be output on the cnt dcdr pin. this output will occur during the clock cycle in which the internal counter is updated. the u/d pin will be set to the proper voltage level one clock cycle before the rising edge of the cnt dcdr pulse, and held one clock cycle after the rising edge of the cnt dcdr pulse. these outputs are not affected by the inhibit logic. see figures 5 and 12 for detailed timing. cascade output (hctl- 2020 only) the cascade output also consists of count and up/down outputs. when the HCTL-2020 internal counter overflows or underflows, a pulse, one-half clock cycle long, will be output on the cnt cas pin. this output will occur during the clock cycle in which the internal counter is updated. the u/d pin will be set to the proper voltage level one clock cycle before the rising edge of the cnt cas pulse, and held one clock cycle after the rising edge of the cnt cas pulse. these outputs are not affected by the inhibit logic. see figures 5 and 12 for detailed timing. figure 11. simplified inhibit logic. inhibit step sel oe clk signal action 1 l l 1 set inhibit; read high byte 2 h l 1 read low byte; starts reset 3 x h 0 completes inhibit logic reset figure 10. two byte read sequence.
11 cascade considerations (HCTL-2020 only) the HCTL-2020s cascading system allows for position reads of more than two bytes. these reads can be accomplished by latching all of the bytes and then reading the bytes sequentially over the 8-bit bus. it is assumed here that, externally, a counter followed by a latch is used to count any count that exceeds 16 bits. this configuration is compatible with the HCTL-2020 internal counter/latch combination. consider the sequence of events for a read cycle that starts as the HCTL-2020s internal counter rolls over. on the rising clock edge, count data is updated in the internal counter, rolling it over. a count-cascade pulse (cnt cas ) will be generated with some delay after the rising clock edge (t chd ). there will be additional propagation delays through the external counters and registers. meanwhile, with sel and oe low to start the read, the internal latches are inhibited at the falling edge and do not update again till the inhibit is reset. if the cntcas pulse now toggles the external counter and this count gets latched a major count error will occur. the count error is because the external latches get updated when the internal latch is inhibited. valid data can be ensured by latching the external counter data when the high byte read is started (sel and oe low). this latched external byte corresponds to the count in the inhibited internal latch. the cascade pulse that occurs during the clock cycle when the read begins gets counted by the external counter and is not lost. for example, suppose the hctl- 2020 count is at ffffh and an external counter is at f0h, with the count going up. a count occurring in the HCTL-2020 will cause the counter to roll over and a cascade pulse will be generated. a read starting on this clock cycle will show ffffh from the hctl- 2020. the external latch should read f0h, but if the host latches the count after the cascade signal propagates through, the external latch will read f1h. figure 12. decode and cascade output diagram. clk cha filt * u/d count chb filt * cnt dcdr * cnt cas *cha filt and chb filt are the outputs of the digital noise filter (see figures 7 and 8). fffdh fffeh ffffh 0000h ffffh fffdh internal counter roll over ff start inhibit 00
12 for proper operation of the inhibit logic during a two-byte read, oe and sel must be synchronous with clk due to the falling edge sampling of oe and sel. the internal inhibit logic on the hctl-20xx family inhibits the transfer of data from the counter to the position data latch during the time that the latch outputs are being read. the inhibit logic allows the microprocessor to first general interfacing the 12-bit (hctl-2000) or 16-bit (hctl-2016/2020) latch and inhibit logic allows access to 12 or 16 bits of count with an 8-bit bus. when only 8-bits of count are required, a simple 8-bit (1- byte) mode is available by holding sel high continuously. this disables the inhibit logic. oe provides control of the tri-state bus, and read timing is shown in figures 2 and 3. read the high order 4 or 8 bits from the latch and then read the low order 8 bits from the latch. meanwhile, the counter can continue to keep track of the quadrature states from the cha and chb input signals. figure 11 shows the simplified inhibit logic circuit. the operation of the circuitry is illustrated in the read timing shown in figure 13. figure 13. typical interface timing. *oe can consist of two short low pulses, as well as one long pulse, and still satisfy the inhibit logic sequence. during the time that oe is high, the data lines are tri-seated.
13 low on oe during a falling clock edge. 6. when oe goes high, the data lines change to a high imped- ance state. 7. the ic detects a logic high on oe during a falling clock edge. this satisfies the second reset condition for the inhibit logic. actions 1. on the rising edge of the clock, counter data is transferred to the position data latch, provided the inhibit signal is low. 2. when oe goes low, the outputs of the multiplexer are enabled onto the data lines. if sel is low, then the high order data bytes are enabled onto the data lines. if sel is high, then the low order data bytes are enabled onto the data lines. 3. when the ic detects a low on oe and sel during a falling clock edge, the internal inhibit signal is activated. this blocks new data from being transferred from the counter to the position data latch. 4. when sel goes high, the data outputs change from the high byte to the low byte. 5. the first of two reset condi- tions for the inhibit logic is met when the ic detects a logic high on sel and a logic
14 interfacing the HCTL-2020 to a motorola 6802/8 and cascading the counter for 24 bits figure 14. a circuit to interface to the 6802/8.
15 in this circuit an interface to a motorola 6802/8 and a cascading scheme for a 24-bit counter are shown. this circuit provides a minimum part count by: 1) using two 74ls697 up/down counters with output registers and tri-state outputs and 2) using a motorola 6802/8 ldx instruction which stores 16 bits of data into the index registers in two consecutive clock cycles. the HCTL-2020 oe and the 74ls697 g lines are decoded from address lines a15-a13. this results in counter data being enabled onto the bus whenever an external memory access is made to locations 4xxx or 2xxx. address line a12 and processor clock e enables the 74ls138. the processor clock e is also used to clock the HCTL-2020. address ao is connected directly to the sel pin on the hctl- 2020. this line selects the low or high byte of data from the hctl- 2020. cascading is accomplished by connecting the cnt cas output on the HCTL-2020 with the counter clock (cck) input on both 74ls697s. the u/d pin on the HCTL-2020 and the u/d pin on both 74ls697s are also directly connected for easy expansion. the rco of the first 4-bit 74ls697 is connected to the ent pin of the second 74ls697. this enables the second counter only when there is a rco signal on the first counter. this configuration allows the 6802 to read both data bytes with a single double-byte fetch instruction (ldx 2xx0). this instruction is a five cycle instruction which reads external memory location 2xx0 and stores the high order byte into the high byte of the index register. memory location 2xx1 is next read and stored in the low order byte of the index register. the high byte of counter data is clocked into the 74ls697 registers when sel is low and oe goes low. this upper byte can be read at any time by pulling the 74ls697 g low when reading address 4xxx. figure 15 shows memory addresses and gives an example of reading the hctl- 2020. figure 16 shows the interface timing for the circuit. address function cxxx reset counters 4xxx enable high byte on data lines 2xx0 enable mid byte on data lines 2xx1 enable low byte on data lines read example ldx 2000 loads mid byte and then low byte into stx 0100 memory locations 0100 and 0101 ldaa 4000 loads the high byte into memory staa 0102 location 0102 figure 15. memory addresses and read example.
16 actions 1. the microprocessor clock output is e. if the internal HCTL-2020 inhibit is not active, new data is trans- ferred from the internal counter to the position data latch. 2. an even address output from the 6802 causes sel to go low. when e goes high, the address decoder output for the HCTL-2020 oe signal goes low. this causes the HCTL-2020 to output the middle byte of the system counter (high byte of the HCTL-2020 counter). this middle byte, ffffh is available at (2) through (4), the first time oe is low. in this example an overflow has occurred and oe has been pulled low to start a read cycle. sel and oe are gated to give rck which latches the external high byte, equal to 00h. the falling edge, of the cnt cas signal counts up the external counter to 0001h. 3. with the first negative edge of the clock after sel and oe are low the internal latches are inhibited from counting and the 6802 reads the high byte in. 4. oe goes high and the data bus goes into a high impedance state. 5. oe is low and sel is high and the low byte is enabled onto the data bus. the low byte is valid through (7). 6. with the first negative edge after oe and sel go high, the first of the two hctl- 2020 inhibit reset conditions is met and the 6802 reads the low byte in. 7. the data bus returns to the high impedance state, when oe goes high. 8. with the first negative edge of the clock after oe goes high, inhibit reset is complete. 9. with the positive going edge of the clock, g is asserted and the external high byte, 00h is available on the data bus from 9 through 10 and the 6802 reads the high byte in at (10). figure 16. interface timing for the 6802/8. clk sel internal inhibit data bus oe cnt cas ffff 0000 HCTL-2020 internal clock rck g actions high z 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 mid byte low byte high byte
17 is the crystal frequency divided by 3. t0 must be enabled by executing the ent0 clk instruction after each system reset, but prior to the first encoder position change. an 8748 program which interfaces to the circuit in figure 17 is given in figure 18. the resulting interface timing is shown in figure 19. interfacing the hctl- 20xx to an intel 8748 the circuit shown in figure 17 shows the connections between an hctl-20xx and an 8748. data lines d0-d7 are connected to the 8748 bus port. bits 0 and 1 of port 1 are used to control the oe and sel inputs of the hctl- 20xx respectively. t0 is used to provide a clock signal to the hctl-20xx. the frequency of t0 figure 17. an hctl-20xx-to-intel 8748 interface. * note: pin numbers are different for the HCTL-2020. object source loc code statements comments 000 99 00 anl p1, 00h enable output and higher order bits 002 08 ins a, bus load higher order bits into acc 003 a8 move r0, a move data to register 0 004 89 02 orl p1, 02h enable output and lower order bits 006 08 ins a, bus load order bits into ac 008 a9 mov r1, a move data to register 1 009 89 03 orl p1, 03h disable outputs 00b 93 retr return figure 18. a typical program for reading hctl-20xx with an 8748.
actions 1. anl p1, 00h has just been executed. the output of bits 0 and 1 of port 1 cause sel and oe to be logic low. the data lines output the higher order byte. 2. the hctl-20xx detects that oe and sel are low on the next falling edge of the clk and asserts the internal inhibit signal. data can be read without regard for the phase of the clk. 3. ins a, bus has just been executed. data is read into the 8748. 4. orl port 1, 02h has just been executed. the program sets sel high and leaves oe low by writing the correct values to port 1. the hctl- 20xx detects oe is low and sel is high on the next falling edge of the clk, and thus the first inhibit reset condition is met. 5. ins a, bus has just been executed. lower order data bits are read into the 8748. 6. orl p1, 03h has just been executed. the hctl-20xx detects oe high on the next falling edge of clk. the program sets oe and sel high by writing the correct values to port 1. this causes the data lines to be tristated. this satisfies the second inhibit and reset condition. on the next rising clk edge new data is transferred from the counter to the position data latch. figure 19. 8748 read cycle from figure 18. orl p1, 02h anl p1, ooh additional information from agilent technologies application briefs are available from the factory. please contact your local agilent sales representative for the following. m027 interfacing the hctl-20xx to the 8051 m019 commonly asked questions about the hctl- 2020 and answers m020 a simple interface for the HCTL-2020 with a 16-bit dac without using a processor m023 interfacing the mc68hcii to the HCTL-2020 18
www.agilent.com/semiconductors for product information and a complete list of distributors, please go to our web site. for technical assistance call: americas/canada: +1 (800) 235-0312 or (408) 654-8675 europe: +49 (0) 6441 92460 china: 10800 650 0017 hong kong: (+65) 271 2451 india, australia, new zealand: (+65) 271 2394 japan: (+81 3) 3335-8152(domestic/interna- tional), or 0120-61-1280(domestic only) korea: (+65) 271 2194 malaysia, singapore: (+65) 271 2054 taiwan: (+65) 271 2654 data subject to change. copyright ? 2002 agilent technologies, inc. obsoletes 5965-5894e march 6, 2002 5988-5895en

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